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Designing: How to design a Drip irrigation System

 Introduction: As drip irrigation is already introduced in  "introduction to drip irrigation" . This article aims to explain a general design for an efficient drip system. This  will involve some engineering concepts, fundamentals of fluid mechanics and mathematics. Considerations: Following steps are fundamental to design drip irrigation system for a given crop, area and water availability: • Survey of the area Find the total area that needs to be irrigated using the drip system. Then determine the topography and relative position to the highest point from the pumping unit. Determine the type of crop (vegetables and drip system are a perfect match) and find the power source, also, locate where the pumping system is located. Determine where Main lines, submain lines and lateral will be laid out. Refer to the image below.   • Water quality consideration Emitters in a drip system have very small openings and can be easily clogged by dust particles, salts and other soli...
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Irrigation: Drip Irrigation Technology

Introduction: Drip Irrigation is the process of slow application (droplets) of available water on or below the soil surface as per the requirement of the crop. The first account of drip irrigation system is recorded in Germany in 1860. The drip irrigation as known today was introduced (or made mainstream) by an Israeli engineer Simcha Blass in 1930's. He noticed a tree near a leaking faucet was growing greener and healthier than the ones surrounding it.                                               Figure 1: A typical Drip Irrigation Field View He then founded a company in called Netafim  which is a giant in the industry of High Efficiency Irrigation Systems. Thus, irrigation and agriculture was never the same and was revolutionized by Drip irrigation technology. Components of A drip Irrigation System: • Head Unit: Head unit consists of prime mover (motor or engine), w...
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Fluid statics: Hydrostatic Pressure Made Simple

Imagine water taking a well-deserved nap, completely still. That's what hydrostatics studies: the chill side of water, not the crazy rapids or splashing waves. Here's where it gets interesting: Civil engineers: Figuring out how much  push  water gives when it's all piled up in giant tanks or dams. This helps them build strong enough walls to keep the water happy in its home. Submarine builders:  Picture a sub going down, down, down. The water gets squished tighter, making a  super squeeze . Hydrostatics helps design subs that can handle all that pressure without going  pop ! The design of dams and submarines to resist hydrostatic forces in itself is a large topic and needs separate writings (In future hopefully) to grasp fully. However, a general introduction to this branch of fluid mechanics is given here. This science is ancient. A guy named Archimedes figured it all out over 2,000 years ago! He basically cracked the code for understanding how much force sti...
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